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Transistors
Transistors have three legs. One leg (the base) is used to control
the transistor, when a voltage is present on the base the transistor
switched on and current can flow between the other two pins the
emitter and the collector. With the standard type of transistor the
emitter is normally connected to ground and the collector connected to
the thing that is being switched.
Transistors are normally packaged in a D shaped package or in a
circular can with a small tag. It is this package shape that allows
the function of the pins to be determined.
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